Ureter Stones

剧本在排版上保留了整段不中断的长句与快节奏表达（特别是顾问医生的段落），其中包含了输尿管结石、支架、膀胱炎等专业术语（Jargon）。这故意为社区口译员（CI）制造了必须适时介入（Intervention）、打断并要求澄清或要求改用短句的练习场景。

在进行此角色扮演时，请注意以下术语的医学含义及口译技巧：

• Ureter（输尿管）：连接肾脏和膀胱的管道。

• Lodged（嵌顿 / 卡住）：结石卡在管道中无法移动。

• Stent（支架 / 输尿管支架）：临床上常指的双J管（Double-J stent），用以引流和撑开输尿管。

• Cystitis（膀胱炎）：会引起尿频、尿急、尿痛（烧灼感）。

• Stitches（缝线）：患者常问是否会自行吸收。

• Pre-op assessment（术前评估）：手术前进行的常规身体检查。

Role-play 1: At the hospital - Ureter Stones

角色扮演 1：医院场景——输尿管结石

Consultant: Hello Mrs….I have here with me the results of your scan and now I can tell you why you ended up so many times in A&E. You have a stone in your ureter, this explains the intense pain you have been feeling in the last months.

顾问医生： 你好，……太太。我手里拿到了你的扫描检查结果，现在我可以告诉你，为什么你这段时间跑了这么多次急诊（A&E）了。你的输尿管里有一颗结石，这正好解释了你过去几个月里为什么一直感到这么剧烈的疼痛。

Patient: Oh..no. My mum had that too and she was in pain many times until she had an operation to remove the stones. Will I have to have an operation too? They told me that they can be removed with laser nowadays without having an operation…

患者： 噢……天哪。我妈妈以前也有这个毛病，她疼了很多次，直到最后做了手术把结石取出来。我是不是也得做手术？但别人告诉我，现在用激光就可以把结石打碎，根本不需要做手术……

Consultant: Well, actually yes, some stones - if they are small - they can be removed with laser. Unfortunately it is not your case. Your stone is a bit bigger and you will need to have a small procedure. Nothing to worry too much, but you need to come to the hospital for a small intervention.

顾问医生： 嗯，其实没错，有些结石——如果是微小结石的话——确实可以通过体外激光来清除。但很遗憾，你的情况并非如此。你的结石稍微大了一点，需要接受一个小手术（微创操作）。不用过于担心，但你确实需要来医院进行一次小手术。

Patient (very agitated and talking without stopping): But when? Will I have to stay in hospital? Is it dangerous? I don’t have anybody who can pick me up… Will it hurt? Will you be the doctor? How is the operation? I am very worried with these news!

患者（非常焦虑，连珠炮似地不停说话）： 但什么时候做？我需要住院吗？这危险吗？我没人能来医院接我……会痛吗？主刀医生会是你吗？手术是怎么做的？听到这个消息我真的太焦虑了！

(提示：以下顾问医生的长段落语速极快且包含大量医学术语，是社区口译员（CI）练习适时打断、要求切分短句或澄清术语的完美素材。)

Consultant: Let’s go step by step. First, do not worry this is a small and common procedure. Normally patients come and go in the same day. We are very experienced in performing this type of procedure. First the surgeon will insert a camera to locate the stone. As your stone is lodged in the ureter and cannot move, it will need to be blasted with laser but from the inside. I need to explain this a bit more in depth now. As I said, your stone is not going anywhere at the moment and this is because it is lodged in a small pocket of skin. This caused the ureter to bend so there may be the need to insert a stent to straighten the ureter. The stent will be removed 5-10 days after the operation.

顾问医生： 我们一步一步来。首先，别担心，这是一个很小且非常普遍的手术。通常患者都是当天来当天走（日间手术）。我们做这种手术经验非常丰富。首先，外科医生会置入一个内窥镜（摄像头）来定位结石。由于你的结石目前卡在（嵌顿在）输尿管里无法移动，因此需要从内部用激光将它击碎。关于这一点，我现在需要向你进行更深入的解释。正如我所说，这颗结石目前哪儿也去不了，因为它卡在了管道内壁的一个小凹窝里。这导致了你的输尿管发生了扭曲，所以术后可能需要留置一根支架（输尿管支架）来把输尿管撑直。这根支架会在手术后5到10天内取出。

Patient: But I am worried it will hurt ..?

患者： 可是我担心会很痛……？

Consultant: You will be under full anaesthetic, so you will not feel any pain during the procedure.

顾问医生： 你会接受全身麻醉，所以在整个手术过程中你不会感觉到任何疼痛。

Patient: But what afterwards? Will I feel any pain?

患者： 那手术之后呢？我会感觉到痛吗？

Consultant: If you need to have a stent inserted temporarily, I am not going to lie to you, there may be some discomfort. Some patients experience some cystitis like symptoms, for example a burning sensation and a constant urge to go to the toilet. However, if you require a stent, they are normally inserted for up to 10 days and no longer than that.

顾问医生： 如果你需要临时留置一根支架，我不想隐瞒你，确实可能会有一些不适感。部分患者会出现类似于膀胱炎的症状，比如排尿时有烧灼感，以及频繁想要上厕所（尿频尿急）。不过，如果你确实需要支架，通常最多也只放10天，不会超过这个时间。

Patient: How do I get the tube out then? Does it dissolve like stitches?

患者： 那之后怎么把那根管子拿出来呢？它会像手术缝线那样自己溶解吗？

Consultant: You have to come to see us again so a consultant can remove the stent. We will make a provisional appointment for 5 days after the operation, so the consultant can scan you and determine if the stent can be removed then . However, the removal of the stent is much easier than inserting it, so it is done without anaesthetic, it just takes a 10 minutes appointment. It may cause a bit of discomfort but does not hurt.

顾问医生： 你需要回医院复诊，由专科医生帮你把支架取出来。我们会初步预约在术后第5天复诊，届时医生会为你做个扫描检查，以确定当时是否可以拔除支架。不过，拔除支架要比放进去容易得多，所以不需要打麻药，只需要10分钟的门诊时间就能搞定。它可能会引起一点点不适，但并不会痛。

Patient: Do I have to stay in hospital after the operation?

患者： 手术后我必须住在医院里吗？

Consultant: In most cases patients go home on the same day. Very rarely, we keep patients in for the night.

顾问医生： 在绝大多数情况下，患者当天就能回家。极少数情况下，我们才会安排患者留院观察过夜。

Patient: Will I have to stay in bed for many days when I get home?

患者： 那我回家之后，必须在床上躺很多天吗？

Consultant: Not at all. We suggest patients to spend that evening in bed but after that You can resume your normal life. You need to see the nurse here next door for a pre-op assessment. Let me call the nurse.

顾问医生： 完全不用。我们建议患者在手术当天晚上卧床休息，但那之后你就可以恢复正常生活了。你现在需要去隔壁找护士做一下术前评估（Pre-op assessment）。让我把护士叫过来。

Patient: Just one more question, when will the operation be?

患者： 最后一个问题，手术会安排在什么时候？

Consultant: I would like to see you as soon as possible. I am putting you right in front of the waiting list so the procedure may be done in the next couple of weeks. We will send you a letter with the date in the next 48 hours.

顾问医生： 我希望尽早为你安排。我会把你的名字提到等待名单的最前面，所以手术可能会在接下来的两周内进行。我们会在接下来的48小时内给你寄一封信，上面会有确切的日期。

Patient: What happens if I don’t have anybody who can take me home after the operation?

患者： 如果手术后我找不到任何人接我回家，那该怎么办呢？

Consultant: We have a taxis company here at the hospital. But you may be able to use public transport on the same day. The operation will take place in the morning slot, so you may be able to go home after 5pm. If you go now next door, the nurse is waiting for you to do a pre-op assessment.

顾问医生： 我们医院有合作的出租车公司。不过你手术当天也完全可以乘坐公共交通工具。手术会安排在上午的时段，所以下午5点以后你就可以回家了。你现在去隔壁吧，护士正等着你做术前评估呢。

Patient: Thank you doctor.

患者： 谢谢医生。

Here is the bilingual glossary of key medical terms, procedures, and anatomical structures from the urology script, formatted in a clean, scannable bullet-point list for your study and active recall practice.

1. Medical Conditions, Anatomy & Jargon (疾病、解剖与行业术语)

• Ureter — 输尿管

  • Context / Note for Interpreters: The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. Not to be confused with the urethra (尿道).

• Ureter stones / Ureteric stones — 输尿管结石

  • Context / Note for Interpreters: Mineral deposits that become caught in one of the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder.

• Lodged — 嵌顿 / 卡住

  • Context / Note for Interpreters: Firmly fixed, wedged, or stuck in a specific position (e.g., a stone trapped inside the narrow lumen of the ureter).

• Cystitis — 膀胱炎

  • Context / Note for Interpreters: Inflammation of the bladder, typically causing a burning sensation during urination, urgency, and frequency.

• Underlying condition — 潜在疾病 / 基础疾病

  • Context / Note for Interpreters: A core root medical issue causing visible secondary symptoms.

2. Surgical Procedures & Devices (手术治疗与医疗器械)

• Stent (Ureteric stent / JJ stent) — 支架 / 输尿管支架（双J管）

  • Context / Note for Interpreters: A thin, flexible tube inserted into the ureter to keep it open, straighten it out, and allow urine to flow.

• Stitches — 手术缝线 / 缝合

  • Context / Note for Interpreters: In this script, the patient asks if the stent "dissolves like stitches" (是否会像缝线一样自行溶解).

• Pre-op assessment (Pre-operative assessment) — 术前评估

  • Context / Note for Interpreters: A routine clinic appointment before surgery where nurses check blood pressure, take blood tests, and ensure a patient is fit for general anaesthesia.

• Full anaesthetic (General anaesthesia) — 全身麻醉

  • Context / Note for Interpreters: A state of controlled temporary unconsciousness so the patient feels no pain during the procedure.

• Blasted with laser — 激光碎石

  • Context / Note for Interpreters: The clinical technique (often laser lithotripsy) of using a concentrated light beam to break a stone into smaller fragments from the inside.

• Syringed / Syringing — 冲洗 / 灌洗

  • Context / Note for Interpreters: While used in the previous ear script, in broader medical terms it means washing out a cavity with a liquid stream using a syringe.

3. Hospital Systems & Symptoms (医院系统与临床症状)

• A&E (Accident and Emergency) — 急诊科

  • Context / Note for Interpreters: The emergency department in UK hospitals. Equivalent to the ER in the US.

• Waiting list — 等待名单 / 轮候名册

  • Context / Note for Interpreters: The queue of NHS patients waiting to receive scheduled elective surgery or specialist treatment.

• Intense pain — 剧烈疼痛

  • Context / Note for Interpreters: Severe, sharp, or agonising pain typically associated with renal colic.

• Burning sensation — 烧灼感

  • Context / Note for Interpreters: A common symptom of cystitis or stent irritation, describing a hot, stinging feeling when urinating.

• Constant urge to go to the toilet — 尿频尿急 / 频繁强烈的排尿感

  • Context / Note for Interpreters: Urinary urgency caused by bladder or ureteric irritation.